What type of encryption uses a different key for encryption and decryption?

Asymmetric encryption is a cryptographic method that utilizes two distinct keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This means that anyone can encrypt a message using the public key, but only the intended recipient, who possesses the corresponding private key, can decrypt it. This key pair system enhances security by allowing users to share their public key openly without compromising the confidentiality of their communications.

The different keys also facilitate activities such as digital signatures, where one key can assure the identity of the message sender while the other key can validate the authenticity. This feature is particularly valuable in secure communications over the internet, ensuring that data can be transmitted safely without requiring a shared secret key between the parties involved, unlike symmetric encryption, which relies on a single key for both processes.

Understanding this distinction is crucial, as it underscores the importance of key management in various encryption strategies, especially in applications requiring secure data exchanges.