Which technology allows multiple independent operating systems to run on one physical system?

The technology that allows multiple independent operating systems to run on one physical system is known as virtualization. Virtualization enables the creation of virtual instances of hardware resources, which can include multiple operating systems running concurrently on a single physical machine.

A hypervisor is a specific type of virtualization technology that manages these virtual machines, allowing them to share the underlying hardware while maintaining isolation from one another. However, the term "virtualization" encompasses both the concept and the technology used as well as the infrastructure, which can include the hypervisor.

Thus, virtualization is the broader category that includes the use of hypervisors and allows for the execution of multiple operating systems on one physical platform. This enables efficient resource utilization, flexibility, and scalability in computing environments, which are critical in data centers and cloud services today.